Microbiota Intestinal e Alopecia Areata: Novas Perspectivas

The relationship between the intestine and the immune system has gained prominence in recent decades, especially in the context of autoimmune diseases. The present study addresses the relationship between the intestinal microbiota and alopecia areata, an autoimmune disease with multifactorial etiology, which involves genetic, immunological and environmental factors, characterized by hair loss, and how the imbalance in the composition of bacteria in the human intestine – dysbiosis – can influence the development and progression of this disease. The methodology was based on a bibliographic review of recent studies investigating the connection between microbiota, immune response, and dermatological health. Metagenomics research was analyzed to study microbial composition, and clinical studies involving the use of probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation as emerging therapies for autoimmune conditions. The results indicated that patients with alopecia areata often exhibit a reduction in the diversity of beneficial microorganisms, such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, along with an increase in pathogenic bacteria, such as Proteobacteria. This imbalance can lead to systemic inflammation, increased intestinal permeability, and excessive T-cell activation, resulting in the destruction of hair follicles. It is concluded that modulating gut microbiota through proper diets, probiotic supplementation, and potential fecal microbiota transplantation could be a promising therapeutic approach for patients with alopecia areata. The integration of microbiota-based strategies into dermatological clinical practice represents a significant advancement in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. This study highlights the importance of an interdisciplinary approach that connects microbiology, immunology, and dermatology in the search for more effective and personalized treatments.